Hiv in Nigeria - 2247 Words

The history of HIV and AIDS in Nigeria The first two HIV cases in Nigeria were identified in 1985 and were reported at an international AIDS conference in 19866. In 1987 the Nigerian health sector established the National AIDS Advisory Committee, which was shortly followed by the establishment of the National Expert Advisory Committee on AIDS (NEACA). At first the Nigerian government was slow to respond to the increasing rates of HIV transmission7 and it was only in 1991 that the Federal Ministry of Health made their first attempt to assess the Nigerian HIV/AIDS situation. The results showed that around 1.8 percent of the population of Nigeria were infected with HIV. Subsequent surveillance reports revealed that during the 1990s the HIV†¦show more content†¦He stated on the day, â€Å"A great majority of Nigerians have now come to accept the reality of AIDS†17. However, the statistics show that the Nigerian government desperately need to scale up HIV testing rates in order to bring the epidemic under control. Cultural practices Women are particularly affected by the epidemic in Nigeria. In 2006 UNAIDS estimated that women accounted for 61.5 percent of all adults aged 15 and above living with HIV18. Traditionally, women in Nigeria marry young, although the average age at which they marry varies between states. A 2007 study revealed that 54 percent of girls from the North West aged between 15-24 were married by age 15, and 81 percent were married by age 1819. The study showed that the younger married girls lacked knowledge on reproductive health, which included HIV/AIDS. They also tend to lack the power and education needed to insist upon the use of a condom during sex. Coupled with the high probability that the husband will be significantly older than the girl and therefore is more likely to have had more sexual partners in the past, young women are more vulnerable to HIV infection within marriage. Poor healthcare system Over the last two decades, Nigerias healthcare system has deteriorated as a result of political instability, corruption and a mismanaged economy. Large parts of the country lack even basic healthcare provision, making it difficult to establish HIV testing and prevention servicesShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Hiv In Nigeria704 Words   |  3 Pagesmillion (PRB 2016) and an HIV prevalence of 3.4% (FMoH 2013), HIV/AIDS continues to be a major public health concern in Nigeria. Recent estimates indicate that the annual number of new infections in the country has been on a steady decline, decreasing from 288,870 in 2009 to 220,394 in 2013 (NACA 2014). Nigeria’s epidemic is generalized, with wide variations in HIV prevalence within the country, across age groups, and population sub-groups. Across age groups, the national HIV prevalence ranges fromRead MoreHiv/Aids in Nigeria6960 Words   |  28 PagesLITERATURE 2.0 INTRODUCTION HIV/AIDs has been ranked among the common disease of all times that is threatening us with the extinction of youths and adults. It is not only terrorizing the entire generation but also kills and leaves millions of orphans for the oldest grandparent to carter for. 2.1 HIV/AIDS IN NIGERIA According to USAID brief (2004), Nigerian epidemic is characterized by one of the most rapidly increasing rates of new HIV/AIDS cases in West Africa. Adult HIV prevalence increased fromRead MoreHiv And Its Effects On Nigeria, Lower Respiratory Infections, And Hiv ( Cdc )884 Words   |  4 PagesAs of 2013, the CDC listed that the top 3 causes of mortality in Nigeria are malaria, lower respiratory infections, and HIV (CDC, 2013). HIV is the third leading cause of deaths in Nigeria and account for 9% of all deaths (CDC, 2013). HIV is the virus that causes AIDS, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It can be contracted through the exchange of bodily fluids with another infected individual. In Nigeria, the spread of HIV occurs through high prostitution rates, unsafe sexual practices,Read MoreEPIDEMIOLOGICAL REPORT OF HIV/AIDS INFECTION IN NIGERIA INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: HIV (Human2400 Words   |  10 Pages EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REPORT OF HIV/AIDS INFECTION IN NIGERIA INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus which infects, impairs or destroys the cells of the immune system and functions. Progression of the infection (severe immunodeficiency) leads to weaker immune system rendering an individual susceptible to more infections. These infections are termed opportunistic infections. At its most advanced phase, HIV is called AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)Read MoreThe United Nation s Millennium Development Goals1021 Words   |  5 Pagesis the combat of diseases such as HIV/AIDS and malaria in all countries. There are many countries that have made significant progress in the combat of disease; Nigeria is no exception. This is due to Nigeria exponentially increasing there treatment and counseling facilities for HIV/AIDS, along with the distribution of millions of insecticide-treated products to combat malaria. However, this doesn’t mean that their fight is over; and there are many ways that Nigeria can improve today. This c ase studyRead MoreAids : Hiv And Aids1144 Words   |  5 PagesHIV/AIDS IN NIGERIA Introduction The first case of HIV was reported in 1981 and since then, it has spread rapidly turning into a pandemic (WHO 2014). Thirty-five million people currently live with HIV worldwide and 2.1 million deaths were recorded in 2013 (WHO 2014). HIV in the WHO African region is the highest in the world as the continent bears 70% of the disease burden (WHO AFRO 2013). In 2013, 24 million people in Africa were reported to be living with HIV. One of the high burden countries inRead MoreExamining Knowledge Attitude And Sexual Practice Towards Hiv / Aids Among Students1008 Words   |  5 PagesEXAMINING KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND SEXUAL PRACTICE TOWARDS HIV/AIDS AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY STUDENTS IN NIGERIA: A PUBLIC HEALTH ANALYSIS BY RASHEEDAT OLUWAKEMI OJIKUTU AND MONSURAT OLUBUKOLA OJIKUTU INTRODUCTION Several studies were reviewed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice towards HIV/AIDS among secondary schools students in Nigeria, in order to determine the existing gaps and to provide future recommendations. Specific Aims The specific aims for this review are as follows;Read MoreThe Millennium Development Goals : A Global Vision For The Future1447 Words   |  6 Pagespublic. With the MDGs’ expiration date of 2015 fast approaching, the world community is focusing on the development of a post-2015 agenda. This paper seeks to contribute to this process by highlighting the main strengths and weaknesses of the MDGs in Nigeria and Haiti, deriving the lessons that can be learned from almost 15 years of experience with the MDGs. Building on these lessons, the paper suggests different ways of how they could inform and enrich the process towards the formulation of a new developmentRead MoreHiv Is A Human Immunodeficiency Virus1721 Words   |  7 PagesPicture this: a young child who is very skinny, ribs and all other bones are showing through the skin, they are born with HIV. it then leads to AIDS, due to their parents. HIV is a Human Immunodeficiency Virus. If HIV is left untreated, it can lead to AIDS, which is an acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. In Nigeria, Africa millions of people have the disease of AIDS and HIV. There is not many treatment options or solutions for this serious issue that takes place all over the country. There are aRead MoreLow Life Expectancy in Developing Country of Nigeria666 Words   |  3 Pagesdiseases such as HIV/AIDS. This essay will look at the main causes of these problems and give possible solutions, taking Nigeria as a case study, where life expectancy is 52 years with a rank of 182 out of 194 nations (WORLD HEALTH REPORT 2000). It will conclude by arguing that media and government need to take a more active approach to tackle these problems in developing countries. Nigeria has over 160 million people and one of the major problems effecting life expectancy is the HIV virus and acquired

Loneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay

The American Dream is a concept that anyone, regardless of their background or financial status, is able to pursue and full-fill their personal goal. More often than not it was a financial goal, however there are others, which include community, happiness, love and the closeness of family. America is thought of as a place where dreams can come true. Maybe because of its vast land and financial opportunity. Around pre 1900, there was mass immigration from all parts of Europe so that appears to imply that the people from around Europe believed America was the country of opportunity at the time. From 1915 to 1925, there was the period of time for the industrialisation and growth of American cities.†¦show more content†¦This suggests that although George has a rare friendship with Lennie, it may be that he is looking for a female companion. When George meets up with Lennie after the accident of Curleys wifes murder, he knows the dream is over for him too. He also knew what he ha d to do as soon as he found out what Lennie had done; why else would he have stolen Carson ´s Luger? When George shot Lennie, the pair seemed at peace with themselves, and each other. George knew what he was doing was right, and he knew that Lennie would agree if he had the time to explain his reasoning to him. If Lennie could comprehend the reasoning behind Georges actions, he would realise that George was taking Candys unknowingly offered advice, I ought to of shot that dog myself, George. I shouldnt ought to have let no stranger shoot my dog. Lennies dream was a lot like Geoerges. Whatever George wanted, Lennie wanted. It seems as though Lennie and George share the same vision but Lennies dream appears to be simpler. When Lennie pestered George to talk of their shared vision of their future home, Lennie would only seem to be concerned and interested in the rabbits. It appeared as though Lennies dream was inevitably not going to come true because he was killed later on in the book. Lennies death did not only affect George but Candys life asShow MoreRelatedLoneliness Of Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1020 Words   |  5 PagesJose A. Lamendola Ms. Andrews English Period B October 26, 2015 Loneliness in Of Mice and Men Loneliness is the state of sadness because of having no companions or living in isolation. Loneliness is a feeling that no one should ever feel, however, it is a feeling that many come to have at one point in their lives or another. In the book Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, two men, named Lennie and George, travel together to California to work on a ranch. While working on the ranch, Lennie and GeorgeRead MoreLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck This book is set in a deserted, lonely country. The individuals in the story are isolated by particular features such as age, sex, disability and race. They appear to relate to each other, however, each is essential trapped by their situation. In the end they are unable to help each other to escape their loneliness or to escape their own fate. Of Mice and Men is set in the farmland of the Salinas valley, where JohnRead MoreLoneliness in Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesLoneliness in Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck In the book Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck loneliness is very significant and a major theme. Many of the characters are very lonely and some of them try to look for an alternative way of life. George and Lennie have each other, Candy has his dog to keep him company, Crooks is lonely because he is black and Curley’s wife was so lonely it killed her. The book Of Mice And Men is set a few miles south of Soledad, which Read MoreLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Throughout the novel, Of Mice and Men (by John Steinbeck), loneliness is the major underlying theme of the novel. You could almost say that the book has ‘hormonal ups and downs. Most of the characters are very lonely because they have no family. However, George and Lennie are the contradiction to this. George and Lennies bond towards each other are so- strong that you can almost see it as you are reading the book. Candy the old crippled man wantsRead MoreLoneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesOf Mice and Men is a novella written by John Steinbeck in the 1930’s. It possesses many prominent themes that are evident throughout the whole book. One distinct theme is loneliness. John Steinbeck uses many conventions to convey this theme to the reader including characterization, context, foreshadowing and resolution. Through the use of these conventions, readers developed attitude and opinions, which change with modern society and the readerà ¢â‚¬â„¢s context. The theme of loneliness is best portrayedRead MoreEssay about The Theme of Loneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck1128 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theme of Loneliness in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck This essay will describe the way loneliness is shown in Of Mice and Men. Most of the characters are lonely and the only thing that keeps them alive is their dreams. Some of the loneliest characters we come across in the novel are Candy, an old man with only one hand, Crooks, a black cripple and Curleys Wife, a woman who has no name; she is lonely even though she is married. Although they are all on the ranch Read MoreHow Does John Steinbeck Portray Loneliness and Isolation in the Novel â€Å"of Mice and Men†?1698 Words   |  7 PagesHow does John Steinbeck portray loneliness and isolation in the novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men†? The novel of â€Å"Of Mice and Men† was written in the time of the great depression in the 1930’s in America, this was the time in which Professional workers became Migrant workers due to the Wall Street crash in 1929. The great depression caused many professional workers to turn to working in farmland harvesting wheat. John Steinbeck published the novel of â€Å"Of Mice and Men† in 1937 it is set in Salinas, CaliforniaRead MoreLoneliness Felt in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck and Eleanor Rigby by John Lennon and Paul McCartney542 Words   |  3 PagesIn the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck and the poem Eleanor Rigby by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, many of the characters are experiencing loneliness. When people feel lonely their way of lifestyle are different then that of someones whos not lonely or them if they were not lonely. Also because they are lonely their actions are different. They portray this in both the novel and the poem. The effects of loneliness on people are displayed in the novel Of Mice and Men through the characterRead MoreLoneliness as a Key Theme in ‚Äà ²of Mice and Men‚Äà ´ by John Steinbeck1002 Words   |  5 PagesI believe that the novel does have a large focus on the theme of loneliness as this feature plays a key rà ´le in the lives of every character and is a key attribute to the time in which they live. The loyalty and friendship of George and Lennie stands out in this harsh environment and I feel that it is that friendship in contrast with the rest of society in the novel that makes the book so fantastic. Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902. During summers he would work as an itinerant worker onRead MoreOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck973 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: I. Background A. John Steinbeck was born on February 27th, 1902 in Salinas, California. 1. Salinas River was one of the few centers for shipping, farming, and agriculture a. John Steinbeck worked as an employed laborer, digging canals and working beside men similar to characters in his novels. 2. In a discussion John Steinbeck said, I worked in the same country that the story is laid in. The characters are composites to a certain extent. Lennie was a real person. Hes in an insane

My Favorite Actor Tom Hanks Free Essays

My Favorite Actor I never thought about that actor I liked but after analyzing it I think the actor that I like and that caught my attention since I was young is Tom Hanks because he was a collogue student that seemed to have no future in acting and he was not very good on his classes in theater, I leaned that he was born in Concord California his childhood was like a normal kid with, divorced parents his father was descendant of British and his mom Portuguese descent. Hanks was a very shy boy, so the theater classes in high school were as a refuge since he was not popular in school. Interestingly later he continued in theater while studying in California Chabot College. We will write a custom essay sample on My Favorite Actor Tom Hanks or any similar topic only for you Order Now He had no acting experience in college and, in fact, credits the fact that he couldn’t get cast in a college play with actually starting his career. He went downtown, auditioned for a community theater play, was invited by the director of that play to go to Cleveland, and there his acting career started. His first TV show â€Å"Bosom Buddies† (1980) where he meet his second wife the actrees Rita Wilson. I still remember when I went to the cinema to see this film â€Å"Splash† seemed formidable. I still remember the beautiful mermaid, in those years I found it in credible. I also want to mention that seemed to me something like that with the hit movie â€Å"Big,† â€Å"Joe Versus the Volcano† or â€Å"Bachelor Party† (these last two do not remember very well but they were commented in the 80’s) Tom Hanks was typecast in the roll of movies comic actor or light and family, no one thought that was going to perform as well in a role as â€Å"Philladelphia† in the role of a gay man dying of AIDS is very well played, was really very believable the character that Tom Hanks in this role that I play in Philladelphia, again showed his acting discipline to lose weight for characterization, to show a man really damaged by this terrible disease. Another famous movie .. where he showed his great talent as an actor was â€Å"Forrest Gump† Fascinate how developing the role of a man with some level of mental retardation, the posture, the faces, the accent. Simply stunning. I also learned that after filming â€Å"The Green Mille† filmed the first part of the movie â€Å"Cast Away† then began a strict diet after which lost more than 30 pounds of weight, grew a beard and began a process of tanning to continue filming. This information seemed important to emphasize that not only is the dress up for memorizing dialogues and act but also how hard it to be the be on diets either to lower or raise a character to represent adequately. Certainly caught my attention in this movie than most of it we see only one man talking to a volley ball (Wilson is unforgettable) Almost the entire sequence of the island, no background music you hear only the sound of the sea. The island is totally inhospitable boring and lonely. Hanks is capable of a performance in which not need anything more than himself hallucinating talking to Wilson. To maintain the film in a high level. of a meticulous man . The viewer really believe when he is afraid and the things he does with his character of a meticulous man, when he goes crazy for the toothache, when sick of being alone, when he has the look of a hermit and hardened man, when mourning the loss a human symbol†¦ In my view his work was very well done. How to cite My Favorite Actor Tom Hanks, Essay examples

The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz free essay sample

Duddy is the leader of his group of friends and they follow him just like terrorizing students with snowballs. Over all Duddy does not emit the straight edge, straight â€Å"A’s† type of student persona. 2. After reading the first two chapters my impression of John MacPherson is he was the type of teacher that really wanted to do good, provide and invoke a good impression, he never strapped because he thought that type of punishment wouldn’t help him teach or keep his students in line. He eventually got tired of teaching and it seemed he gave it up, waiting and counting down the years till he can retire. He cares for his wife who is obviously sick and that seems to stress him out. I think Macpherson is a good person who has been twisted over time making him tired, and that causes him to say things like he did about Duddy’s dad. We will write a custom essay sample on The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. Duddy’s father seems to be more of a chill dad; he lets Duddy smoke and drink. He lets Duddy experience and be around aspects which most people would not let their children be allowed to see or hear. Max also tells stories and seems to be quite popular amongst his friends. Max seems to be the kind of parent that every kid wants but doesn’t want at the same time, they can slake off but sometimes you need some strictness in your life and a person to be there to help you or to be there for you. 4. Mr. Cox is another teacher at FFHS. He like Mr. MacPherson doesn’t believe in strapping and is a socialist. It seems like he tries to protect the students by helping them stay out of trouble like the prank calls, saying that Kravitz and the boys were at his house when the prank calls were made. Mr. Cox gives off the oppression that he is a good character and tries to help. . We discover that Duddy’s dad is a pimp. 6. That Mr. MacPherson has grown tired of his job, he thinks that there isn’t much hope in being a teacher and that nothing good has come out of it. His students have drove him to regretting his career choice, that maybe the result of him not being the best teacher and letting the student get to him like they did. 7. Mr. Mac Pherson thinks Duddy killed his wife by causing her to get up and answer the phone, which was were she was when she died. MacPherson thinks Duddy was the one who called, and was calling as a prank call. Duddy is saying that he didn’t kill his wife and that everything he ever said that was rude or hurtful to MacPherson was for fun and he didn’t actually mean it. â€Å"We’re all in this together† Duddy could be talking about how they are all in this school together and have to go through it, which no one likes. How they have to deal with Macpherson and his loss, and the way he is taking it with his drinking. 8. Duddy accuses Debrofsky of stealing cloth from Uncle Benjy’s shop. I believe he is trying to get Uncle Benjy to like him more by maybe helping him out with business and saving him a few extra bucks. Uncle Benjy does not take too kindly to this advice from Duddy. He doesn’t like the fact Duddy was spying on his workers and that he came and snitched it to Benjy. Benjy threatens to fire him if he ever does it again. 9. Yes I think Duddy did, it was more of a gift I think. Everyone in the hotel seems to like Duddy and have a relationship with him. They felt bad that this hard working, young, poor boy had lost all of his money. He was taught a lesson which cost him, but he learned and in the end it turned good for him as he was rewarded this extra money. It was a classic story, which everyone wishes for that when you have lost, you still win in the end. 10. I believe the humiliation Duddy got was justified he needed to learn a lesson, its all part of growing up. Duddy learned his lesson and maybe a harsher way but he learned it. Now he knows not to put all his eggs in one basket and about trusting others. 11. Duddy is hypnotized about what his grandfather has said â€Å"a man without land is nothing†, Duddy thinks that he needs land and then he will have made something of his life. Duddy is thinking that by building he then has done something in his life and can become like the boy wonder. It is a big risk and I think that the lesson Duddy learned in the previous chapters, are examples of foreshadowing. Duddy is going to put all his money and time into this lake and in the end it will not have turned out for him. He is gambling only this time the stakes are higher. His relationship with Yvette was emotional but now that she has brought the lake into it I think it has changed to a more business type of relationship. Duddy now depends on her instead of having her around just because he liked her. She has the information that could stop Duddy from having his dream or help him achieve it.